Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 59
Filter
1.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535971

ABSTRACT

Contexto: la anticoagulación en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica es un reto terapéutico debido a que la evidencia médica es escasa y los beneficios son discutibles, además, el riesgo de sangrado en estos pacientes es mayor. Objetivo: describir los pacientes con enfermedad renal G4-5 que recibieron terapia anticoagulante oral durante por lo menos tres meses en la Subred Centro Oriente de Bogotá. Metodología: estudio analítico de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica G4-5 en un hospital de referencia entre enero del 2018 y diciembre del 2021, en el cual se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y se realizó una regresión logística sobre los anticoagulantes y la frecuencia de eventos (hemorrágicos o embólicos). Resultados: se evaluó a 75 pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad renal crónica G4-5 anticoagulados, donde el anticoagulante más usado fue warfarina (76 %), seguido de apixabán (16 %) y rivaroxabán (8 %). El sangrado mayor se presentó con warfarina (8,47 %), apixabán (10%) y rivaroxabán (16,6 %). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el sangrado mayor con warfarina (OR: 2,8; IC 95 %: 0,46-16,9; p = 0,262) y rivaroxabán (OR: 1,86; IC 95 %: 0,18-18,7; p = 0,596), además, el sangrado no mayor y clínicamente relevante fue del 28,9 % con warfarina. Solo se presentó una complicación trombótica en un paciente que recibió rivaroxabán. Conclusiones: en los pacientes con enfermedad renal G4-5 que recibieron warfarina y los anticoagulantes orales directos no se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la presentación de sangrado mayor y no mayor, clínicamente relevantes.


Background: Anticoagulation in patients with chronic kidney disease is a therapeutic challenge since the medical evidence is scarce and the benefits are debatable since the risk of bleeding in these patients is greater. Purpose: To describe patients with G4-5 kidney disease who received oral anticoagulant therapy for at least 3 months in the central-eastern subnetwork of Bogotá. Methodology: Analytical study of patients with G4-5 chronic kidney disease, in a reference hospital between January 2018 and December 2021, in which sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed, and a logistic regression was performed on anticoagulants and the frequency of events (hemorrhagic or embolic). Results: 75 anticoagulated patients diagnosed with G4-5 chronic kidney disease were evaluated. The most commonly used anticoagulant was warfarin (76%), apixaban (16%), and rivaroxaban (8%). Major bleeding occurred with warfarin (8.47%), apixaban (10%), and rivaroxaban (16.6%). There are no significant differences between major bleeding with warfarin (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 0.46;16.9; p= 0.262), and rivaroxaban (OR: 1.86; 95% CI: 0.18;18.7; p=0.596). Clinically relevant non-major bleeding was 28.9% with warfarin. A thrombotic complication only occurred in one patient who received rivaroxaban. Conclusions: In patients with G4-5 kidney disease who received warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants, no significant differences were found in terms of the presentation of clinically relevant major and non-major bleeding.

2.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 39(2)dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1405585

ABSTRACT

Resumen Algunos estudios sugieren que existe una relación entre el uso de antipsicóticos y el riesgo de tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) y embolia pulmonar (EP). Sin embargo, los resultados siguen sin ser concluyentes. Se trata del caso de un Masculino de 23 años con antecedentes de Esquizofrenia y Depresión tratado quetiapina 800 mg, el cual es encontrado muerto en la cama de un hotel. En la necropsia sin lesiones traumáticas visibles, hallazgos histológicos de tromboembolismo pulmonar masivo con infartos pulmonares secundarios. Laboratorio de Toxicología detectó la presencia de quetiapina, no se detectó alcohol o drogas de abusos. Mediante el Algoritmo De Karch & Lasagna Modificado el tromboembolismo pulmonar fue una reacción adversa con una probabilidad de relación causal posible. Se han informado muchos casos de muerte súbita causada por EP con la exposición a antipsicóticos, pero la relación de su uso y el riesgo de TEV y EP sigue siendo controvertida.


Abstract Some studies suggest a relationship between antipsychotic use and the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and pulmonary embolism (PE). However, the results remain inconclusive. This is the case of a 23-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia and depression treated with quetiapine 800 mg, who was found dead in a hotel bed. At necropsy with no visible traumatic lesions, histological findings of massive pulmonary thromboembolism with secondary pulmonary infarcts. Toxicology laboratory detected the presence of quetiapine, no alcohol or drugs of abuse were detected. Using the Modified Karch & Lasagna Algorithm, pulmonary thromboembolism was an adverse reaction with a probable causal relationship. Many cases of sudden death caused by PE have been reported with exposure to antipsychotics, but the relationship of their use and the risk of VTE and PE remains controversial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Quetiapine Fumarate/adverse effects
3.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 38(2): 81-87, jun. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407773

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: El aumento de la concentración de dímero-D en pacientes COVID-19 se ha asociado a mayor gravedad y peor pronóstico; sin embargo, su rol en predecir el diagnóstico de tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP), aún es incierto. Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad del dímero-D plasmático en el diagnóstico de TEP en pacientes con COVID-19. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico. Se incluyó a pacientes COVID-19 que tenían una angiotomografía computada de tórax (AngioTAC). Se registraron datos clínicos, niveles plasmáticos de dímero-D de ingreso y previo al momento de realizar la AngioTAC. Se identificó la presencia o ausencia de TEP. Resultados: Se incluyeron 163 pacientes; 37(23%) presentaron TEP. Al comparar la serie de pacientes con TEP versus sin TEP, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en características clínicas, ni mortalidad. Hubo diferencias significativas en el nivel plasmático del dímero-D previo a realizar la AngioTAC (3.929 versus 1.912 μg/L; p = 0,005). El área bajo la curva ROC del dímero-D para TEPfue de 0,65. El mejor punto de corte del dímero-D fue de 2.000 μg/L, con una baja sensibilidad y valor predictivo positivo. El valor de corte con el mejor valor predictivo negativo (VPN)fue de 900 μg/L (96%), el cual fue mejor que la estrategia de corte de dímero D ajustado por edad (VPN 90%). Conclusión: La capacidad discriminativa del dímero D para diagnosticar TEP fue baja. En cambio, el dímero D mantiene un alto valor predictivo negativo para descartar TEP, el cual es mayor al valor descrito clásicamente en los pacientes no COVID.


Introduction: Increased D-dimer concentration in COVID-19 patients has been associated with greater severity and worse prognosis; however its role in predicting the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), is still uncertain. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of plasma D-dimer in the diagnosis of PTE in patients with COVID-19. Method: Analytical observational study. COVID-19 patients who had a chest computed tomography angiography (CTA) were included. Clinical data, Ddimer plasma levels on admission and prior to CTA were recorded. The presence or absence of PTE was identified. Results: 163 patients were included, 37 (23%) presented PTE. After comparing the series of patients with PTE versus the series without PTE, no significant differences were found in clinical characteristics or mortality. There were significant differences in the plasma level of D-dimer prior to performing CTA (3,929 μg/L versus. 1,912 μg/L; p = 0.005). The area under the D-dimer ROC curve for PTEprediction was 0.65. The best D-dimer cutoffpoint was 2.000μg/L, with a low sensitivity and positivepredictive value. The cutoff value with the best negativepredictive value (NPV) was 900 μg/L (96%), which was better than the age-adjusted D-dimer cutoff strategy (NPV 90%). Conclusion: The discriminative ability of D-dimer to diagnose PTE was low. In contrast, D-dimer maintains a high negative predictive value to rule out PTE, which is higher than the value classically described in non-COVID patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Pulmonary Embolism/blood , Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis , COVID-19/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Biomarkers/analysis , Predictive Value of Tests , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Computed Tomography Angiography
4.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 22(1): 62-66, mar. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441106

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se presenta una paciente con Enfermedad de Graves Basedow que desarrolla signos clínicos de hipertiroidismo, trastornos de coa gulación, hepáticos e hipertensión pulmonar que mejora con el tratamiento de la enfermedad. Se revisan los potenciales mecanismos fisiopatológicos implicados.


Abstract Patient with Graves-Basedow disease who develops clinical signs of hyperthyroidism, coagulation and liver disorders, and pulmonary hypertension. The patient gets better with the treatment for this disease. Review of potential physiopathological mechanisms involved.

5.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2022. 199 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1398657

ABSTRACT

A trombose venosa profunda (TVP) e o tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) são as principais manifestações clínicas do tromboembolismo venoso (TEV). O TEV é uma complicação comum e potencialmente grave das cirurgias ortopédicas, uma vez que pode levar à limitação funcional e morte pós-operatória. O uso da tromboprofilaxia reduz acentuadamente a incidência de TEV relacionado às intervenções ortopédicas, e seu uso é recomendado por diversas diretrizes. Entretanto, a indicação e o tipo de tromboprofilaxia para algumas intervenções ortopédicas, assim como o uso de ferramentas de predição de risco, ainda não estão bem estabelecidos e constituem pontos de debate. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram identificar os fatores de risco para TEV e suas interações nas cirurgias ortopédicas e avaliar a aplicabilidade do escore de risco de Caprini na predição de TEV em pacientes ortopédicos. Além disso, devido à escassez de conhecimento e recomendações sobre tromboprofilaxia nas intervenções ortopédicas de tornozelo e pé, realizaram-se uma revisão narrativa e uma enquete internacional sobre o assunto. Para analisar a interação de fatores de risco de TEV e a aplicabilidade preditiva do escore de Caprini nas cirurgias ortopédicas, foram utilizados os dados do Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment of risk factors for venous thrombosis (MEGA), um estudo caso-controle holandês de base populacional cujo desfecho de interesse é o TEV. Neste, 263 indivíduos que tiveram TEV e 94 controles foram submetidos à cirurgia ortopédica. O risco de TEV foi maior nos primeiros 30 dias após a cirurgia [odds ratio ajustada (ORadj) 17,5; intervalo de confiança (IC) 95%, 9,2-33,4] e manteve-se aumentado até 90 dias (ORadj 11,5; IC 95%, 7,3-17,7). Houve interação entre cirurgia ortopédica e mutação fator V Leiden (ORadj 17,5; IC 95%, 4,1-73,6), tipo de sangue não-O (ORadj 11,2; 95% IC, 3,4-34,0) e níveis séricos de fator VIII maiores que 150 mg/dl (ORadj 18,6; IC, 7,4-46,9). Quanto ao escore de Caprini, foram avaliados 357 indivíduos com TEV submetidos à cirurgia ortopédica. Um total de 20,9% dos casos e 41,5% dos controles foram classificados no grupo de menor risco (Caprini < 5 pontos). Pacientes com um escore de Caprini maior que 11 pontos tiveram um risco de TEV seis vezes maior (OR 6,3; IC 95%, 1,7-22,9), e pacientes com um escore de 9 a 10 tiveram um risco três vezes maior (OR 3,5; IC 95% 1,2-10,3). A área sob a curva (AUC) do escore de Caprini foi de 0,64, evidenciando uma discriminação de predição de TEV moderada. Na enquete internacional sobre tromboprofilaxia de pé e tornozelo, 693 cirurgiões ortopédicos de pé e tornozelo de 49 países participaram. Aproximadamente 50% informaram prescrever tromboprofilaxia durante a imobilização do paciente. Quando utilizada, as escolhas preferidas em ordem decrescente foram ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS), heparina de baixo peso molecular (HBPM) e anticoagulantes orais diretos. AAS e HBPM foram predominantemente prescritos na América do Norte e Europa, respectivamente. TVP prévia, imobilidade, obesidade e trombofilia hereditária foram considerados os principais fatores de risco indicativos do uso de tromboprofilaxia. Concluiu-se que: houve risco aumentado de TEV e interação entre os fatores de risco fator V Leiden, níveis elevados de fator VIII e grupo sanguíneo não- O com cirurgia ortopédica; o escore de Caprini é uma ferramenta que pode auxiliar os cirurgiões ortopédicos a classificarem o risco de TEV no pós-operatório, embora seu desempenho preditivo discriminativo tenha sido moderado; apesar de a maioria dos cirurgiões ortopédicos de tornozelo e pé considerarem que a tromboprofilaxia está indicada para cirurgias de tornozelo e pé (principalmente na presença de fatores de risco como TVP prévia, imobilidade, obesidade e trombofilia hereditária), a prescrição, o tipo e a duração apresentam grande discrepância intercontinental. Assim, este trabalho contribui para a identificação de pacientes sob alto risco de TEV, ponto estratégico para o uso individualizado e seguro da tromboprofilaxia como ferramenta para redução do risco de TEV relacionado às cirurgias ortopédicas.


Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism are the main clinical manifestations of venous thromboembolism (VTE). VTE is a common and potentially serious complication of orthopedic surgeries, as it can lead to functional limitation and postoperative death. The use of thromboprophylaxis markedly reduces the incidence of VTE related to orthopedic interventions, and its use is recommended by several guidelines. However, the indication and type of thromboprophylaxis for some orthopedic interventions, as well as the use of risk prediction tools are still not well established and is debatable. The objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for VTE and their interactions in orthopedic surgeries and to evaluate the applicability of the Caprini risk score in predicting VTE in orthopedic patients. In addition, due to the lack of knowledge and recommendations on thromboprophylaxis in foot and ankle surgeries, a narrative review and an international survey on the subject were carried out. Data from the MEGA Study (Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment of risk factors for venous thrombosis) which is a Dutch population-based case-control study whose outcome of interest is VTE were used. A total of 263 subjects who had VTE and 94 controls underwent orthopedic surgery. The risk of VTE was the highest in the first 30 days after surgery (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] 17.5; 95% CI [confidence interval], 9.2-33.4) and remained increased up to 90 days (ORadj, 11.5; 95% CI, 7.3- 17.7). There was interaction between orthopedic surgery and factor V Leiden mutation (ORadj 17.5, 95%CI 4.1-73.6), non-O blood type (ORadj 11.2; 95%CI 3.4-34.0) and factor VIII plasma levels greater than 150 mg/dl (ORadj 18.6; CI 7.4-46.9). To assess the applicability of the Caprini Score, 357 individuals with VTE undergoing orthopedic surgery in the MEGA were evaluated. A total of 20.9% of cases and 41.5% of controls were classified in the lowest risk group (Caprini <5 points). Patients with a Caprini score greater than 11 points had a six-fold increased risk of VTE (OR 6.3, 95% CI 1.7- 22.9) and patients with a score of 9-10 had about three-fold increased risk (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.2-10.3). The area under curve for the Caprini score was 0.64, evidencing a moderate VTE prediction discrimination. In the international survey on foot and ankle thromboprophylaxis, 693 orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons from 49 countries participated. Approximately 50% reported prescribing thromboprophylaxis during patient immobilization that, when used, the preferred choice, in descending order, was acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and direct oral anticoagulants. ASA and LMWH were predominantly prescribed in North America and Europe, respectively. Previous DVT, immobility, obesity and hereditary thrombophilia were considered the main risk factors indicative of the use of thromboprophylaxis. It is concluded that there was increased risk of VTE and interaction between factor V Leiden, high plasma levels of factor VIII or non-O blood group and orthopedic surgery; that the Caprini score is a tool that can help orthopedic surgeons to classify the risk of postoperative VTE, although its discriminative predictive performance was moderate and that although most ankle and foot orthopedic surgeons consider that thromboprophylaxis is indicated for ankle and foot surgeries (especially in the presence of risk factors such as previous DVT, immobility, obesity and hereditary thrombophilia), the prescription, type and duration present a large intercontinental discrepancy. Thus, this work contributed to the identification of patients at high risk of VTE, a strategic point for the individualized and safe use of thromboprophylaxis as a tool to reduce the risk of VTE related to orthopedic surgeries.


Subject(s)
Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Venous Thrombosis , Venous Thromboembolism , Academic Dissertation , Venous Thrombosis/prevention & control , Orthopedic Surgeons
6.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 49(3): e601, July-Sept. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1280184

ABSTRACT

Abstract The new coronavirus 2019-nCov or SARS-Cov-2 is responsible for the most important pandemic in the 21st century: the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The 2019-nCov infection elicits a hyper-coagulable state, conditioning a worse outcome in these patients. The pathophysiology of the exaggerated coagulation activation in these patients is still unknown, and probably involves several mechanisms, different from those involved in sepsis-associated coagulopathy. This article discusses the case of a patient with no remarkable medical history, who after 7 days of fever, diarrhea and epigastric pain was diagnosed with COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia, further aggravated by severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. In this context, the patient experienced a massive acute pulmonary thromboembolism accompanied by an acute thrombus in the heart's right ventricle, leading to hemodynamic instability. For the first time in our center in these patients, systemic fibrinolysis was successfully performed, with resolution of the intracavitary thrombus and the acute hemodynamic shock.


Resumen El nuevo coronavirus 2019-nCov o SARS-Cov-2 es responsable de la pandemia más importante del siglo XXI: la enfermedad del coronavirus (COVID-19). La infección por 2019-nCov produce un estado de hipercoagulabilidad, que promueve peores desenlaces en estos pacientes. La fisiopatología de la exagerada activación de la coagulación en estos pacientes aún se desconoce y posiblemente involucre varios mecanismos, diferentes a los participan en la coagulopatía asociada a sepsis. El presente artículo presenta el caso de un paciente sin antecedentes médicos y quien luego de 7 días de fiebre, diarrea y dolor epigástrico, fue diagnosticado con neumonía bilateral por COVID-19, agravada por la presencia de Síndrome de Dificultad Respiratoria Aguda. En este contexto, el paciente desarrolla un tromboembolismo pulmonar agudo masivo, acompañado de un trombo agudo en el ventrículo derecho, produciéndole inestabilidad hemodinámica. Por primera vez en nuestro centro, se realizó exitosamente una fibrinólisis sistémica, con resolución del trombo intracavitario y del shock hemodinámico agudo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Pulmonary Embolism , Thrombosis , Blood Coagulation , Pandemics , Fibrinolysis , COVID-19 , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn , Coronavirus , SARS-CoV-2 , Heart Ventricles , Hemodynamics , Infections
7.
Rev. urug. cardiol ; 36(2): e402, ago. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1289998

ABSTRACT

El tromboembolismo pulmonar tiene una presentación clínica variada. Es fundamental tener un alto índice de sospecha para arribar al diagnóstico oportuno. El síncope se asocia a casos graves y tiene importancia pronóstica. El tratamiento trombolítico es la piedra angular en el subgrupo de pacientes de alto riesgo. Se presentan tres casos clínicos de tromboembolia pulmonar de alto riesgo con el fin de discutir el escenario clínico de presentación y el tratamiento instaurado.


Pulmonary thromboembolism has a varied clinical presentation. It is essential to have a high index of suspicion to arrive at a timely diagnosis. Syncope is associated with severe cases and is of prognostic significance. Thrombolytic treatment is the cornerstone in the subgroup of high-risk patients. Three clinical cases of high-risk pulmonary thromboembolism are presented in order to discuss the clinical presentation scenario and the established treatment.


O tromboembolismo pulmonar tem a presentação clínica variada. É essencial ter um alto índice de suspeita para chegar a um diagnóstico oportuno. A síncope está associada a casos graves e tem significado prognóstico. O tratamento trombolítico é a pedra angular no subgrupo de pacientes de alto risco. São apresentados três casos clínicos de tromboembolismo pulmonar de alto risco para discutir o quadro clínico e o tratamento instituído.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Syncope/complications , Heart Arrest/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy , Radiography, Thoracic , Catastrophic Illness , Electrocardiography
8.
Multimed (Granma) ; 25(3): e1974, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287414

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: el tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) significa la consecuencia más grave de un evento primario. Requiere alto índice de análisis de probabilidad clínica basada en la evaluación de los factores de riesgos presentes. Objetivo: identificar los factores pronósticos de muerte en los pacientes con tromboembolismo pulmonar. Métodos: se realizó estudio analítico de casos y testigoscon78enfermos porTEP(26 casos y 52 testigos). Resultados: edad media 57.3 años, predominio no significativo en el sexo femenino de 53,7 % p>0,05 y en grupo de edades ≤60 años 55,1 %, p˃0,05. La letalidad fue 30,5 % sin predominio de género. Diabetes mellitus, síndrome metabólico y trombosis venosa profunda, mostraron asociación significativa a la muerte. El modelo de regresión logística demostró que hipertensión pulmonar OR ajustado 7,1 IC 95 % (2,5- 9,2) p=0,01 y disfunción ventricular derecha OR ajustado 5,5 IC 95 % (2,0-8,6) p=0,00 mostraron una relación independiente con la probabilidad de morir. Conclusiones: disfunción ventricular derecha e hipertensión pulmonar se identificaron como factores pronósticos de muerte por TEP. Los resultados probados nos permiten estratificar al paciente constituyendo una base sólida para ulteriores estudios predictivos.


ABSTRACT Introduction: pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) is the most serious consequence of a primary event. It requires a high rate of clinical probability analysis based on the evaluation of the risk factors present. Objective: to identify prognostic factors for death in patients with pulmonary embolism. Methods: an analytical study of cases and controls was carried out with 78 patients with PE (26 cases and 52 controls). Results: mean age 57.3 years, non-significant predominance in the female sex of 53.7% p> 0.05 and in the age group ≤60 years 55.1%, p˃0.05. The fatality was 30.5% without gender predominance. Diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and deep vein thrombosis showed a significant association with death. The logistic regression model showed that pulmonary hypertension adjusted OR 7.1 95% CI (2.5- 9.2) p = 0.01 and right ventricular dysfunction adjusted OR 5.5 95% CI (2.0-8, 6) p = 0.00 showed an independent relationship with the probability of dying. Conclusions: right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension were identified as prognostic factors for death due to PE. The proven results allow us to stratify the patient, constituting a solid base for further predictive studies.


RESUMO Introdução: o tromboembolismo pulmonar (EP) é a consequência mais grave de um evento primário. Requeruma alta taxa de análise de probabilidade clínica baseada na avaliação dos fatores de risco presentes. Objetivo: identificar fatores prognósticos para óbito em pacientes com embolia pulmonar. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo analítico de casos e controles com 78 pacientes com PE (26 casos e 52 controles). Resultados: média de idade 57,3 anos, predominância não significativa no sexo feminino de 53,7% p> 0,05 e na faixa etária ≤60 anos 55,1%, p˃0,05. A letalidade foi de 30,5% sempre domínio de gênero. Diabetes mellitus, síndrome metabólica e trombose venosa profunda mostraram associação significativa com óbito. O modelo de regressão logística mostrou que hipertensão pulmonar ajustada OR 7,1 IC95% (2,5-9,2) p = 0,01 e disfunção ventricular direita ajustada OR 5,5 IC95% (2,0-8,6) p = 0,00 mostraram uma relação independente com a probabilidade de moribundo. Conclusões: disfunção ventricular direita e hipertensão pulmonar foram identificadas como fatores prognósticos para óbito por EP. Os resultados comprovados permitem estratificar o paciente, constituindo uma base sólida para futuros estudos preditivos.

9.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 81(3): 382-388, jun. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1346473

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se realizó un estudio unicéntrico retrospectivo para evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de trombolisis dirigida por catéter (TDC) en pacientes con tromboembolismo pulmonar agudo (TEP) de 2014 a 2020. Se analizó la efectividad (mejoría de presión pulmonar), y seguridad (sangrado intracraneal y grave definido por compromiso hemodinámico). Se incluyeron 43 pacientes, de 67(56-79) años, 5 (12%) con shock, 41 (95%) con dilatación del ventrículo derecho y TEP bilateral. La decis ión de TDC fue: tratamiento inicial (53%), escalada de anticoagulación (42%) y rescate de trombolisis sistémica (5%). Se utilizó TDC facilitada por ultrasonido en 40 casos (93%), utilizándose 30 (25-35) mg de activador tisular del plasminógeno recombinante (rtPA) durante 20 h. Se administró un bolo de rtPA en 38 (89%) casos, que fue 5 mg (95%) o 1 mg (5%). Se utilizó un solo catéter por paciente. En 4 (9%) se decidió recolocación (mismo pulmón) para continuar infusión en otro sector. Se observó una disminución significativa de la presión media pulmonar (pre 35 [29-41] mmHg vs. post 24 [20-34] mmHg, p<0.001). No se observó ningún caso de hemorragia intracraneal, y un caso (2%) de sangrado grave. Se observó hematoma del sitio de punción en 5 (12%) (incluyendo el sangrado grave), y requirió transfusiones en 3 (7%). La mortalidad intrahospitalaria fue 12%, siendo un solo c aso (2%) atribuido al TEP. El tratamiento con TDC fue efectivo asociándose a una reducción significativa de la presión pulmonar, sin observarse ningún sangrado intracraneal y con un sangrado grave. Nuestros resultados se asemejan a lo publicado en otros estudios.


Abstract We performed a single center retrospective study in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) undergoing catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) from 2014 to 2020. Efficacy was defined by mean pulmonary pressure drop, and safety was assessed by intracranial and severe bleeding (defined by GUSTO). Forty-three patients were included, aged 64 (56-79) years old, 5 (12%) with shock, most with right ventricle dilation (95%) and bilateral PE (95%) or unilateral (5%) in patients with only one functional lung. CDT was used as first treatment (53%), upscale after anticoagulation alone (42%), or after failed systemic thrombolytics (5%). Median recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) dose was 30 (25-35) mg over 20 (20-20) hours, and rtPA bolus was used after catheter placement in 38 cases (89%), consisting of 5 mg (95%) or 1 mg (5%). Only one lung was treated for technical reasons, and 4 (9%) were repositioned in the same lung for continuation of infusion. A significant reduction in mean pulmonary pressure was observed (pre 35 [29-41] mmHg vs. post 24 [20-34] mmHg, p<0.001) with no intracranial bleeding. One patient (2%) experienced severe bleeding, while 5 (12%) presented access site bleeding, and 3 (7%) required blood transfusions. In-hospital mortality was 12% but only one case (2%) due to PE. Our results are similar to previously reported studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Aged , Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy , Plasminogen Activators/therapeutic use , Thrombolytic Therapy , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Catheters , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use
10.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 40(1): 54-58, abr. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388078

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Los tumores cardíacos pueden ser primarios o, más frecuentemente secundarios o metastásicos. Entre los tumores primarios es más frecuente el mixoma, cuya ubicación más común es en la aurícula izquierda. Las manifestaciones clínicas son diversas, producidas principalmente por obstrucción mecánica, embolizaciones, y manifestaciones constitucionales. Se comunica el caso de un paciente de 32 años, con cuadro clínico de insuficiencia cardíaca, hipertensión pulmonar severa y tromboembolismo pulmonar bilateral. Se hizo el diagnóstico de mixoma auricular izquierdo. Se resecó el tumor y se manejó la hipertensión pulmonar desde el ingreso al hospital con inhibidores de la fosfodiesterasa asociado a anticoagulación. Se discute el tema dando énfasis a aspectos fisiopatológicos involucrados tanto en la hipertensión pulmonar como en la presencia de tromboembolia pulmonar.


Abstract: Cardiac tumors may be primary or, more frequently secondary or associated to metastasis. Atril myxoma es the most frequent primary tumor, usually located in the left atrium. Clinical manifestations include those due to mitral valve occlusión, emboli and general non spedific symptoms and signs. Herein we report the clinical case of a 32 year old patient with severe pulmonary hypertension and bilateral pulmonary embolism. The tumor was extirpated, and he received phosphoro-diesterase inhiborts and anticoagulants. Subsequent clinical course was satisfactory. A brief discussion of this condicion is included.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Heart Neoplasms/complications , Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology , Myxoma/complications , Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Heart Neoplasms/surgery , Heart Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Myxoma/surgery , Myxoma/diagnostic imaging
11.
Bol. Hosp. Viña del Mar ; 77(3-4): 66-69, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398487

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) tiene varias presentaciones clínicas. Es un estado protrombóticoquegeneracomplicacionesvascularesendiferentesórganos. Se presenta un caso de paciente con COVID-19 que cursa con tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) y accidente cerebrovascular (ACV), se realiza una revisión del tema. Caso clínico: Mujer de 71 años hospitalizada por neumonía por COVID-19, evoluciona estable, pero por destete dificultoso se solicita angioTAC de tórax que confirma TEP bibasal, se inicia anticoagulación subcutánea. A las 36 horas cursa con compromiso cuantitativo de conciencia súbito, TAC de cerebro confirma ACV isquémico de tronco. Por condiciones de paciente se realiza adecuación de esfuerzo terapéutico y fallece. Discusión: COVID-19 es una enfermedad sistémica con un compromiso difuso del endotelio vascular y una intensa respuesta inflamatoria, generando una coagulopatía caracterizada por tendencia a la trombosis venosa, de la microcirculación, y en menor medida arterial, siendo parte esencial de la fisiopatología de la insuficiencia respiratoria y elevado riesgo de tromboembolismo. Esta paciente presentaba factores de riesgo para TEP y ACV(edad, hipertensión arterial, obesidad), sin embargo, COVID-19 fue un factor de riesgo adicional a pesar de ya haber superado el cuadro agudo respiratorio y estando con tromboprofilaxis y posterior anticoagulación. Conclusiones: COVID-19 es un factor de riesgo adicional para enfermedad tromboembólica, por lo que se debe indicar tromboprofilaxis a dosis habituales hasta disponer de nueva evidencia que avale dosis mayores. Se debe estar atento a la presencia de estas complicaciones incluso tras haber superado el cuadro agudo de la infección respiratoria.


Introduction: Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) has various clinical presentations. It is a prothrombotic state causing vascular complications in different organs. We present the case of a COVID-19 patient who suffers a pulmonary embolism (PE) and a stroke; the topicis reviewed. Clinical case: 71 year old woman hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, stable clinical course. Because of difficulty in weaning, chest CT angiography is done confirming bibasilar PE, and subcutaneous anti- coagulation is initiated. 36 hours later she suffers an abrupt loss of consciousness, and a cerebral CT scan confirms a brain stem stroke. Therapy is adjusted because of the patient's deterioration and the patient dies. Discussion: COVID-19 is a systemic disease with diffuse involvement of vascular endothelium and has an intense inflammatory response, generating a coagulopathy characterized by atendency to thrombosis of the veins, micro-circulation and, to a lesser extent, arteries, being an essential part of the pathophysiology of respiratory failure and the high risk of thromboembolism. This patient had risk factors for PE and stroke (age, hypertension, obesity), however, COVD-19 constituted an additional risk factor despite having overcome the acute respiratory infection and receiving thromboprophylaxis and, later, anti-coagulation. Conclusions: COVID-19 is an additional risk factor for thromboembolic disease and thromboprophylaxis should be given at the usual dose until new evidence supports the administration of higher doses. These complications should be borne in mind, even after the initial respiratory infection has been overcome.

12.
Rev. cuba. reumatol ; 22(3): e752,
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1144538

ABSTRACT

El síndrome antifosfolipídico o de Hughes, como también se le conoce, puede aparecer de manera aislada o asociado a otras enfermedades autoinmunes como el lupus eritematoso sistémico. La asociación de ambas entidades puede causar varias complicaciones, como el tromboembolismo pulmonar. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 28 años de edad, con antecedentes de abortos a repetición y óbito fetal, ingresada en esta ocasión, debido a una trombosis venosa profunda del miembro superior derecho, confirmada mediante ecografía Doppler. Se comprobó el diagnóstico de síndrome antifosfolipídico secundario a lupus eritematoso sistémico, sustentado por los elementos clínicos e inmunitarios presentes. La paciente evolucionó satisfactoriamente, con el protocolo terapéutico empleado en fase aguda: heparina de bajo peso molecular del tipo clexane (enoxaparina) 1 mg/kg cada 12 h y dicumarínicos del tipo warfarina 5 mg con una razón normalizada internacional (INR) de 3. Se mantiene actualmente con una dosis de 10 mg/día e hidroxicloroquina 200 mg diarios. Conclusiones: Se resalta la importancia de diagnosticar el síndrome antifosfolipídico, ante toda paciente con abortos espontáneos o muertes perinatales inexplicables. El tratamiento debe ser multidisciplinario y se debe realizar una búsqueda sistemática de afecciones secundarias (particularmente enfermedades difusas del tejido conectivo) antes de calificar al síndrome como primario(AU)


The antiphospholipid or Hughes syndrome, as it is also known, can appear in isolation or in association with other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. The association of both entities can cause various complications, such as pulmonary thromboembolism. We present the case of a 28-year-old patient, with a history of repeated abortions and stillbirth, admitted on this occasion due to deep vein thrombosis of the right upper limb, confirmed by Doppler ultrasound. The diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus was confirmed, supported by the clinical and immune elements present. The patient evolved satisfactorily, with the therapeutic protocol used in the acute phase, where she initially received treatment with low molecular weight heparin of the type clexane (enoxaparin) 1 mg x kg every 12 hours, and discoumarin drugs of the warfarin type, which she currently maintains at a 5mg dose with an INR of 3. Initially prednisone was placed at a dose of 1mg x kg with good therapeutic response, currently maintaining a 10mg dose. He is also currently on hydroxychloroquine 200 mg daily. Conclusions: The importance of diagnosing the antiphospholipid syndrome is highlighted in all patients with spontaneous abortions or unexplained perinatal deaths. Treatment should be multidisciplinary and a systematic search for secondary conditions (particularly diffuse connective tissue diseases) should be conducted before qualifying the syndrome as primary(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Autoimmune Diseases/complications , Abortion, Spontaneous/etiology , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications , Antiphospholipid Syndrome/diagnosis , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/prevention & control , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use
13.
Rev. cuba. hematol. inmunol. hemoter ; 36(4): e1144, oct.-dic. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1289415

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El dímero D es un marcador de la generación de trombina y plasmina. Constituye el producto final de la degradación de un trombo rico en fibrina mediada por la acción secuencial de 3 enzimas: trombina, factor FXIIIa y plasmina. Las pruebas disponibles en la actualidad para el diagnóstico del dímero D son variadas y no son uniformes. Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias disponibles sobre la utilidad de diferentes pruebas rápidas de dímero D. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura de los últimos diez años, en inglés y español, utilizando motores de búsqueda como Google Académico y Pubmed que permitió el acceso a artículos relacionados en revistas arbitradas. Se agrupó y organizó información sobre las posibles utilidades del dímero D. Desarrollo: La determinación en el laboratorio del dímero D, se usa como prueba rápida y sencilla, posee un lugar definido en los algoritmos de exclusión de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa, en el diagnóstico de coagulación intravascular diseminada y con aplicación en la predicción de la recidiva de trombosis venosa profunda, en los últimos años. Existen diversos ensayos para la determinación de la concentración plasmática de dímero D que utilizan distintas metodologías, diferentes anticuerpos y sensibilidades. Conclusiones: La determinación de dímero D por los métodos cuantitativos en pacientes con trastornos trombóticos es muy importante para determinar su sensibilidad, y fundamentar el desarrollo del algoritmo diagnóstico de las mencionadas entidades(AU)


Introduction: D-dimer is a marker of thrombin and plasmin generation. It is the final product of the degradation of a fibrin-rich thrombus mediated by the sequential action of three enzymes: thrombin, factor XIIIa and plasmin. The tests currently available for D-dimer diagnosis are varied and not uniform. Objective: Analyze the evidence available about the usefulness of a number of D-dimer rapid tests. Methods: A review was conducted of the literature published in English and Spanish in the last ten years, using search engines such as Google Scholar and PubMed, which allowed access to papers about the topic in peer-reviewed journals. Data about the possible uses of D-dimer were grouped and organized. Discussion: Laboratory D-dimer determination is a rapid and simple test that has occupied a definite place in the exclusion algorithms for venous thromboembolic disease, the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation, and the prediction of deep venous thrombosis recurrence in recent years. A number of assays are available to determine D-dimer plasma concentration. These are based on different methodologies, antibodies and sensitivity values. Conclusions: D-dimer determination by quantitative methods is very important in patients with thrombotic disorders to determine their sensitivity and substantiate the development of the diagnostic algorithm for the aforementioned conditions(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis/diagnosis , Pulmonary Embolism/epidemiology , Prospective Studies
15.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355270

ABSTRACT

RESUMO: A COVID-19 é a doença infecciosa cujo agente etiológico é um betacoronavirus, o SARS-CoV-2. Sua emergência se deu em uma província chinesa em dezembro de 2019, tornando-se uma pandemia que desafia a saúde pública global. Habitualmente, apresenta-se como uma síndrome gripal, com possibilidade de evolução para síndrome respiratória aguda grave. Além disso, pode provocar alterações na coagulação e resposta inflamatória do indivíduo, levando a complicações tromboembólicas. Este artigo relata o caso de um paciente de 58 anos, diagnosticado com COVID-19, que seguia em isolamento domiciliar e, evoluiu com dispneia e hemoptise no quarto dia de doença. O diagnóstico do tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) foi confirmado através de tomografia contrastada de tórax. O paciente foi internado para tratamento clínico, necessitando de acompanhamento em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) entre o terceiro e quinto dia de internação. Após alta da UTI, o paciente evoluiu sem demais intercorrências, recebendo alta no décimo dia de internação hospitalar. (AU)


ABSTRACT: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) whose etiologic agent is a betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Emerged in a chinese province in December of 2019, becoming a pandemic that challenges global public health. It usually presents as a flu-like syndrome, with the possibility of progressing to severe acute respiratory syndrome. In addition, it can lead to cytokine storm syndrome that results in hyperinflammation, exacerbates immune response and may generate changes in the individual's coagulation, causing thromboembolic complications. This article reports the case of a 58-year-old patient diagnosed with COVID-19, who was still in-home isolation and developed dyspnea and hemoptysis on the fourth day of illness. The diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) was confirmed by contrast-enhanced pulmonary artery tomography. The patient was admitted for clinical treatment, requiring follow-up in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) between the third and fifth day of hospitalization. After discharge from the ICU, the patient evolved without further complications, being discharged on the tenth day of hospitalization. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Embolism , Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome , Betacoronavirus , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Intensive Care Units
16.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 49(3): e806, jul.-set. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1144495

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La rápida expansión de la COVID-19 hizo que la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el 30 de enero de 2020, la declarara emergencia sanitaria y la reconoció como pandemia el 11 de marzo del mismo año. Objetivo: Describir la evolución clínica de un paciente hipertenso, afectado por la COVID-19. Caso clínico: Se trata de un paciente de 49 años de edad, hipertenso, afectado por la COVID-19, atendido en el Hospital Militar Dr. "Joaquín Castillo Duany", quien durante su estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, sufrió graves complicaciones tales como: síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo, neumonía asociada a la ventilación artificial mecánica y tromboembolismo pulmonar. La demora en acudir al centro hospitalario, la hipertensión arterial y el tratamiento previo con inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de la angiotensina, figuraron entre las variables presentes en este paciente, las cuales incidieron posiblemente de manera negativa en su evolución. Conclusión: Con el tratamiento intensivo, la estrategia ventilatoria y de anticoagulación empleadas, evolucionó favorablemente hasta su egreso hospitalario(AU)


Introduction: The rapid expansion of COVID-19 caused the World Health Organization, on January 30, 2020, to declare it a health emergency and recognized it as a pandemic on March 11 of the same year. Objective: To describe the clinical evolution of a hypertensive patient, affected by COVID-19. Clinical case: This is a 49-year-old patient, hypertensive, affected by COVID-19, treated at the Dr. "Joaquín Castillo Duany" Military Hospital, who during his stay in the intensive care unit, suffered serious complications such as: acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia associated with mechanical artificial ventilation, and pulmonary thromboembolism. The delay in going to the hospital, arterial hypertension, and previous treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, were among the variables present in this patient, which possibly had a negative impact on his evolution. Conclusion: With intensive treatment, the ventilatory and anticoagulation strategy used, evolved favorably until his hospital discharge(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn , Clinical Evolution , COVID-19 , Hospitals, Military
17.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(5): 462-472, ago. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287199

ABSTRACT

Resumen Se han desarrollado modelos pronósticos para guiar el tratamiento del tromboembolismo pulmonar agudo (TEP), entre ellos el Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) y PESI simplificado (sPESI), los cuales no han sido validados en nuestro país. El objetivo fue evaluar la capacidad de los puntajes de riesgo PESI y sPESI para predecir mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con TEP en Argentina. Analizamos una base de datos de 75 centros académicos de Argentina que incluyeron pacientes consecutivos con TEP desde el 2016 al 2017. Las puntuaciones se calcularon de forma prospectiva y se evaluó la mortalidad hospitalaria y a 30 días. La validación de los modelos se realizó a través de discriminación mediante área bajo la curva ROC (AUC) y calibración con la prueba de Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL). La cohorte total incluyó 684 pacientes. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue 12% y a los 30 días se registró un 3.2% adicional de mortalidad. El AUC (IC 95%) para la mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 0.75 (0.69-0.81) para PESI y 0.77 (0.71-0.82) para sPESI (p = 0.25 entre puntajes). El AUC de mortalidad a los 30 días fue de 0.75 (0.68-0.8) y 0.78 (0.74-0.83) para PESI y sPESI (p = 0.2 entre puntajes). Ambos modelos presentaron buena calibración y demostraron un desempeño similar para predecir mortalidad hospitalaria y a 30 días, por lo que pueden establecerse como herramientas de predicción simples para pacientes con TEP en Argentina.


Abstract Prognostic models have been developed to help make decisions in the treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE). Among them, the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) and simplified PESI (sPESI), however they have not been validated in our setting. The objective was to evaluate PESI and sPESI scores ability to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with PE in Argentina. We analyzed a database of 75 academic centers in Argentina that included consecutive patients with PE from 2016 to 2017. The scores were prospectively calculated, and in-hospital and 30 days mortality were assessed. The validation of the models was assessed through discrimination using the area under the ROC curve (AUC), and calibration with the Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) test. The cohort included 684 patients. In-hospital mortality was 12% and at 30 days an additional 3.2% mortality was registered. The AUC (95% CI) for in-hospital mortality was 0.75 (0.69-0.81) for PESI and 0.77 (0.71-0.82) for sPESI (p = 0.2 between scores). AUC of 30-day mortality 0.75 (0.68-0.8) and 0.78 (0.74-0.83) for PESI and sPESI (p = 0.2 between scores). Both models presented good calibration. The PESI and sPESI risk scores demonstrated similar performance and good accuracy in predicting hospital and 30-day mortality. Both scores can be established as simple prediction tools for PE patients in Argentina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Argentina/epidemiology , Prognosis , Severity of Illness Index , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Assessment
18.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 39(2): 133-146, ago. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138526

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) es una causa frecuente de morbimortalidad cardiovascular y la trombolisis local asistida por ultrasonido (TLUS) constituye una alternativa de tratamiento validada para pacientes de riesgo intermedio. No existen reportes del uso de esta tecnología en el ámbito nacional. MÉTODOS: Análisis descriptivo, prospectivo, sobre una serie de pacientes con TEP agudo, de riesgo intermedio, tratados en forma percutánea con trombolisis local asistida por catéter de ultrasonido terapéutico (EKOSonic®). Se analiza la eficacia y seguridad del procedimiento mediante variables clínicas, hemodinámicas y radiológicas, así como desenlaces intra hospitalarios. Se reporta, además, el seguimiento a 30 días. RESULTADOS: Entre Junio de 2019 y Marzo de 2020, 4 pacientes con TEP de riesgo intermedio fueron tratados con esta técnica. El score PESI (Pulmonary Embolism severity Index) promedio era de 79,5 + 6,1. Dos pacientes requirieron la instalación de 2 catéteres para efectuar terapia bilateral. Se observó una reducción promedio en la presión sistólica de arteria pulmonar de 29% y en 3 de los 4 enfermos se logró revertir la dilatación ventricular derecha presente al ingreso. La carga trombótica se redujo en un 20% medido por score CTOI. No hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias ni intrahospitalarias asociadas a la intervención. CONCLUSIONES: En esta serie inicial, el uso de la trombolisis local con catéter de ultrasonido en pacientes con TEP de riesgo intermedio fue segura y efectiva. Los resultados perioperatorios y a 30 días fueron comparables a los descritos en experiencias internacionales; sin embargo, aún se requieren de estudios con mayor número de pacientes para confirmar los beneficios de esta técnica en nuestro medio.


BACKGROUND: Pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) is a common cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and local ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis (USAT) is a validated alternative treatment for intermediate-risk patients. There are no reports on the use of this technology in our country. METHODS: Prospective series of patients with acute, intermediate-risk PE treated percutaneously with therapeutic ultrasound catheter-assisted local thrombolysis (EKOSonic®). The efficacy and safety of the procedure were analyzed using clinical, hemodynamic, and radiological variables, as well as intra-hospital outcomes. The 30-day follow-up is also reported. RESULTS: between June 2019 and March 2020, a total of 4 patients with intermediate-risk PE were treated with this technique. The average PESI score was 79.5 + 6.1. Two out of 4 patients required the use of 2 catheters for bilateral therapy. The average reduction in systolic pressure of the pulmonary artery was 29% and 3 patients reversed the right ventricular dilation present at admission. The thrombotic burden was reduced by 20% according to the Computed Tomography Obstruction Index (CTOI). There were no intraoperative or in hospital complications associated with the intervention. CONCLUSION: In this initial series, the use of local thrombolysis with an ultrasound catheter in patients with intermediate-risk PE was safe and effective. The perioperative and 30-day outcomes were similar to those previously reported in international series. However, larger randomized trials are needed to confirm this potential benefit.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Pulmonary Embolism/therapy , Ultrasonic Therapy , Catheters , Mechanical Thrombolysis , Pulmonary Artery , Pulmonary Embolism/physiopathology , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Safety , Severity of Illness Index , Acute Disease , Prospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Ventricular Function , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography, Interventional , Hemodynamics , Length of Stay
19.
Rev. salud pública ; 22(3): e500, May-June 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1357406

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar el fenómeno procoagulante en pacientes SARS-CoV- 2 y proponer orientación terapéutica sostenible para países de bajos ingresos. Método Se realizó una revisión sistemática que identificó cinco estudios observacionales de un escrutinio a partir de 78 resultados. Se examinaron 712 pacientes y los resultados fueron agrupados según mortalidad y severidad. La comparación de los grupos se interpretó mediante estadística descriptiva. Resultado Los valores del dímero D se asociaron significativamente en todas las observaciones a mayor severidad y mortalidad. La protrombina se asoció, en algunas observaciones, a mayor mortalidad; en cuanto a severidad, los resultados fueron inconclusos. Conclusión El COVID-19 tiene importante actividad procoagulante y su tratamiento oportuno puede alterar el pronóstico. La evidencia explorada avala métodos sostenibles. Se necesita más evidencia para mejorar el manejo. Se recomienda un abordaje sistemático temprano de los pacientes con medidas terapéuticas sostenibles a la medida del sistema de salud.


ABSTRACT Objective To identify the procoagulant phenomenon in SARS-CoV-2 patients and propose sustainable therapeutic guidance for low-income countries. Methods A systematic review was conducted. It identified 5 observational studies from a scrutiny from 78 results. 712 patients were examined and the results were grouped according to mortality and severity. The comparison of the groups was interpreted using descriptive statistics. Results D-dimer values were significantly associated with greater severity and mortality. Prothrombin was associated in some observations with higher mortality, but in terms of severity it was inconclusive. Conclusion COVID-19 disease has significant procoagulant activity and its timely treatment can alter the prognosis. The explored evidence supports sustainable methods. More evidence is needed to improve management. An early systematic approach to patients with sustainable therapeutic measures tailored to the health system is recommended.

20.
Rev chil anest ; 49(3): 433-437, 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1510871

ABSTRACT

In December 2019, the infection with COVID-19 was released from the city of Wuhan, China, spreading throughout the world these last months of 2020. Affected patients develop bilateral interstitial pneumonia that, in some cases, evolve into severe forms of respiratory distress syndrome, therefore requiring admission to Intensive Care Units, whose mortality rate is between 20-60%. In these critically ill patients, the massive release of proinflammatory mediators known as cytokine storm is described as one of the causes of poor prognosis, predisposing the development of multi-organ failure. Another of the markers of poor prognosis studied in ICU patients with COVID-19 infection is D-dimer. Serious infection is accompanied by alterations in coagulation factors, associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation processes. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with massive pulmonary thromboembolism and secondary multiple organ failure, in the context of severe COVID infection 19.


En diciembre de 2019 se dió a conocer la infección por COVID-19, desde la ciudad de Wuhan en China, extendiéndose por todo el mundo a lo largo de estos últimos meses del año 2020. Los pacientes afectados desarrollan neumonías bilaterales intersticiales que, en algunos casos, evolucionan a formas graves de síndrome de distrés respiratorio, requiriendo por ello ingreso en las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, cuya mortalidad se encuentra entre el 20-60%. En estos pacientes críticos, se describe como una de las causas de mal pronóstico la liberación masiva de mediadores proinflamatorios conocida como tormenta de citoquinas, predisponiendo el desarrollo de fracaso multiorgánico. Otro de los marcadores de mal pronóstico estudiado en los pacientes de UCI con infección por COVID-19 es el dímero D. La infección grave se acompaña de alteraciones en los factores de coagulación, asociándose a procesos de coagulación diseminada. Presentamos el caso de un paciente diagnosticado de tromboembolismo pulmonar masivo y fracaso multiorgánico secundario, en contexto de infección grave por COVID-19.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Embolism/therapy , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , COVID-19/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Radiography, Thoracic , Multiple Organ Failure
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL